Maps and Locations of African Countries

Scaffolding And Its Effects On The Classroom - 1803 Words

Scaffolding When a person puts up or builds scaffolding, they are making something that temporarily supports a larger object. It is used to assist something larger until a project or work site is complete. In education, teachers play the role of scaffolding when it comes to how students learn and what they ultimately grasp at the end of their journey through school. Scaffolding can be referred to as a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process. â€Å"Scaffolding† was first coined by psychologist and instructional designer, Jerome Bruner, in the 1960s. Bruner recommends positive interaction and three modes of representation†¦show more content†¦When the students appear to understand the material, they are to join the teacher in solving a new problem. Their understanding is checked as they continue to solve problems. If it appears that the students need more instruction, then more modeling is providing in order to assist the students. If the students are able to demonstrate their knowledge clearly, then the teacher fades, or simply steps away. This allows the students to work independently, but support is always available on hand by the teacher if needed. There are many different benefits of scaffolding in the classroom, but four main factors seem to stand out more often than others. The first benefit is that it keeps test takers focused on what they are doing or what they need to get done. Being inherently responsive to each child’s needs, scaffolding enables students to maintain engagement and motivation to complete assessment tasks. The second benefit is that it helps to generate formative data that is useful to educators. If a student encounters instructional scaffolding while they are being assessed, their responses will be aligned to their zone of proximal development. The zone of proximal development is best linked with Lev Vygotsky. It can be defined as the distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving underShow MoreRelatedEnglish Language Learners : How Scaffolding Helps830 Words   |  4 PagesA ssessments for English Language Learners: How Scaffolding Helps.† Siegel, M., Menon, D., Sinha, S., Promyod, N., Wissehr, C., Halverson, K. (2014). Equitable Written Assessments for English Language Learners: How Scaffolding Helps. J Sci Teacher Educ Journal of Science Teacher Education, 681-708. In the article Equitable Written Assessments for English Language Learners: How Scaffolding Helps, the researchers investigated the effects of scaffolding on classroom written assessments for English languageRead MoreVygotsky - Zone of Proximal Development Essay example1322 Words   |  6 PagesHow can Vygotsky’s notion of the ‘Zone of Proximal Development’, and the related concept of ‘scaffolding’, be used to provide appropriate education and support to the full range of students in the classroom? Teaching is not just a matter of standing in front of a class and distributing knowledge to a group of learners. Teaching is a much more complex procedure that requires educators to consider a variety of educational components in order to maximize a learner’s true potential. Teachers are responsibleRead MoreImplementing Observational Learning 844 Words   |  4 Pagesobservational learning and how it may be implemented within the classroom. The paper first explores a workable definition of observational learning primarily through the concept of modeling and vicarious learning. The second part discusses the roles of the teacher and environment. The paper then discusses how observational learning may be used to teach positive attitudes and effective thinking skills, also achieved through vicarious learning. â€Å"Scaffolding†, a learning strategy that utilizes observational andRead More Guidance of Young Children1178 Words   |  5 Pagessimply not within their developm ental capabilities. 2. The majorities of teachers that I have interacted have tended to display the authoritative parenting style. They appeared to have respect for their students and allowed them to have a voice in classroom decisions. The teachers also exuded warmth and had genuine care and concern for their students. When students required discipline, the teachers did explain the reason to the child in most circumstances. However, one teacher that I worked withRead MoreLeading For Literacy : Promoting Quality Education1050 Words   |  5 Pagesin the classroom in Pre K – 3 grades, by using both better programs and raising the requirement for reading teachers. Mr. Murphy believes and research supports that an effective teacher can be successful teaching children to read with any materials; however, an ineffective teacher will likely fail to produce the same results even with the best materials available. Therefore, based on this research it has been suggested that teacher effectiveness i s the most important part in the classroom in regardsRead MoreVygotsky ´s Zone Proximal Development Essay825 Words   |  4 Pagesshaping of cognitive development. He is one of the first in children development that emphasized on cultural context. I have chosen his theory and what it entails for this paper because its very interesting and some certain parts of his theory like scaffolding and the zone proximal development were relatable to my experience at my field site. This theorist believed that our minds, cognition, and psychological abilities could be development with mental tools as much our physical tools expand our physicalRead MoreAn Comprehensive Literacy Instruction Is Essential And Paints The Picture For A Child s Success806 Words   |  4 Pagesawareness also help with reading comprehension. Preparing a child for fluency and comprehension means doing the basics and leading up to the high expected skills. Each step in developing reading and writing is built off the other; for example, cause and effect. What is an affective comprehensive literacy instruction? Is one better than the other? This essay will define comprehension literacy instruction and explain how to scaffold a child’s literacy development. What Is Comprehensive Literacy InstructionRead MoreThe Second Factor Is All Domains Have A Set Course Of Developing.1243 Words   |  5 Pagesfor teachers to have high expectations and help every child succeed. The fifth factor is a child’s positive and negative experiences when they were young effect their development and learning. These experiences can effect the child’s brain development, social skills and academic achievement, but early intervention can help minimize negative effects. Next, development enhances the child’s self-regulation and relationships, which is completed by the child learning to become more independent, which beginsRead MoreA Comparison of Theorists989 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluences cognitive development. One of Vygotsky vital points is scaffolding, which views children as enthusiastically constructing themselves and their environment. Vygotsky argues that one of the most important mechanisms of scaffolding is the arrangement of children in motivating and ethnically meaningful problem solving activities. â€Å"Vygotsky is a firm believer that social interaction and cultural influences have a huge effect on a student and how learning occurs† (Powell, Kalina, pg. 245, 2009)Read MoreEssay about Educational Approach: Collaborative Group Work 674 Words   |  3 Pageswithin a schooling environment. These three themes group work; authentic learning and self-efficacy are concepts that can be incorporated into the classroom in order to provide successful educational outcomes. I will also explore the interconnecting theories that are related to the three main themes, providing informed knowledge that is relevant to a classroom context. Lastly, I will integrate these themes in with my values as a future teacher and demonstrate the effectiveness learning theories can provide

Scenario planning †Industry scenarios Free Essays

Before embarking on the discussion, there is one question or so we need to ask ourselves. What is a scenario? What is scenario planning all about? What constitutes industry scenario planning? Straight away, a scenario is a story or a descriptive narrative about the future which aims at sketching the boundaries of the probable and it is assembled on a methodical scrutiny of various factors bearing in mind those alternatives which are credible and somewhat measurable. These factors are: – social, political, economic, environmental and technological. We will write a custom essay sample on Scenario planning – Industry scenarios or any similar topic only for you Order Now Future environment of a given business, region or policy area could be shaped by these very factors. According to the World Economic Forum, the scenarios explore three or four dissimilar eventualities of how the world might look if the most uncertain and important drivers unfold in different ways. The same source elaborates further that good scenarios are not just dry, analytical descriptions of possible future outcomes. No matter how meticulous they are constructed, they should also be well inspired and highly compelling enough to engage the imagination. They challenge postulations wile at the same time raising awareness of fundamental factors and inspire participants into fresh thinking about what could happen and what it would mean for them. They offer both a new perspective on events and a scaffold for positive deliberations. Scenario planning on the other hand can be used by distributors as a tool of management to predict and benefit from change. In this article, we shall briefly introduce scenario planning, its relevance in connection to distributors and we shall also look at its application as a valuable tool in the industrial sense. As we have said above, that when we think of scenario planning, one great point that has to cross our minds is that a range of alternative futures has to be put into consideration, each of which is considerably diverse and varied from the present operating atmosphere. It would be better to compare and contrast alternative views on how the industry may evolve rather than pinning ourselves on a single forecast which we have assumed to be most probable. Scenario planning is externally oriented and therefore very effective at identifying growth strategies for the company as well as impending threats to its market positions. Scenarios can also help us identify the specific external industry changes that might be causing the company to lose market share or margins. In his article, Scenario Planning Basics for Distributors, Fein Adam presents ways in which distributors are using scenario planning to the betterment of the company. Distributors, he says, should make sure that the management of their company does not erroneously presuppose that changes will not place in the future. In other words, they should explore all the possibilities the company can face and, not only that but, come up with viable alternatives. In connection to this point, they should also assist the management to identify and understand possible threats comprehensively. They should point out growth strategies for the company and test the success of its current strategy in various possible futures. Lastly, they should understand and appropriately react to new customer buying behavior since the customer is the basic unit of the industry and the satisfaction of the customer should be the prime objective of any decision made by the company. Facing the Forces of Change has suggestions of four possible scenarios for distributors to consider. The first scenario is that which stretches into the future and here distributors have entirely incorporated technology into their companies. Given the high level of information development, customers expect distributors to work with them impeccably across numerous communication interfaces. Distributors have effectively achieved this due to rapid rates of developments. These distributors still remain the prime route to market for manufacturers. Coordinated Channels is another scenario where customers seek more information directly from manufacturers. Here, manufacturer Web sites give existing product specifications, comprehensive technical data and also appropriate product feature are selected by the customers who want such information. This information can be accessed by the customers both directly and indirectly. Directly they get connected to the manufacturer Web site and indirectly through an allied distributor’s Web site. Product collaboration between manufacturers and distributors is undertaken on the internet with marketing and inventory management also being done in the channel. However, it still remains the role of the distributors to provide information back to the manufacturer and ensure new performance qualifications are met The third scenario is the one describing a world where consumers and producers pay for the specific conduit activities they may be in need of. This Unbundled Supply Chain has distributors competing directly with supply chain organizations and intermediaries in this scenario are rewarded according to their rate of activity performance. That is, what they have done on behalf of their customers and producers. In the fourth scenario, there is a world with a cluster of consumers forming open and non-profit online exchanges. These common platforms handle the data among supply chain partners. Scenario planning requires a few guidelines to be followed. One must establish a core planning team because analysis of the strategic implications is best in groups. Secondly, a cross section of expertise should be availed, and this includes the heads of the all functional areas of the company. Bringing the ideas of the thinkers the company is endowed with is such a feat worth the take. It is worthwhile to include the outside people by incorporating information gathered from them into the whole system. The focus here should be on infusing appealing and challenging perspectives into the discussion. Outsiders include customers, suppliers, consultants and competitors who hold a vital position in the success of the company. There should be great care in selecting the person to facilitate the scenario planning strategy. An employee of the company should not be part of the choice, neither the senior executive officers. This is because the facilitator should be someone who is focused on planning processes and the two do not appear in this category. Implications scenario planning, just as other forms of business planning, needs an extensive spending of resources from all the individuals of the company. Therefore, the support of top management is a very important determinant of success the company’s planning capability. What this implies is that there should be readiness from every corner of the company in order for this planning strategy to work in the success and goodwill of the company. An honest assessment must be carried out to ascertain as to whether the senior decision makers in the company are not only involved but also dedicated to the scenario planning process. Should the company be unready to work with the process, then even the most sophisticated techniques of a manual or outside consultant are destined to fail. In addition, if the company is faced with a threat of financial insolvency, then it must suspend the identification of long-term threats and other prospects until business stabilizes because this kind of planning is not suited with survival planning. Disruptive innovation is one of the revolutionary theories of technological change used to describe the impact of new technologies on firm’s existence. (Nauosa Hirotta). Combining scenario planning with disruptive innovation is unavoidable in this era of high level of technological embrace. It is sure and straight that a company which does not embrace technology in its strategic plan is left behind. Disruptive technology which initiates the advent of disruptive innovations for example e-marketing is a vital tool but has to be fused with industry scenario so that the company does not lose its clients for the companies. Summary There must be clear repercussions for the company and its strategy if at all scenarios planning is intended to be meaningful. Each scenario can be viewed as a playing ground in which the company finds itself competing in the future and this allows us to apply all of the apparatus of competitive analysis within a given industry setting. The same tools can then be applied in a totally different future. For us to have the best out of scenario planning, a scrutiny of the company’s position must be known. The company may be one which can manipulate how the future evolves by virtue of actions and investments of its members. On the other hand, if it is too small or insufficiently influential, it becomes a scenario taker and in this case its must carefully examine its line of trade and customers so that it is prepared to react and adjust quickly to changes. Such scenario takers will find it wise to rapidly imitate and adopt to survive; they must do what good companies do. Bibliography: http://www.12manage.com/methods_christensen_disruptive_innovation.html Olaisen J, A Johannessen, B Olsen, – International Journal of Information Management, 1999 – Elsevier Page 15 Fein Adam. â€Å"Scenario Planning Basics for Distributors† Accessed last on February 27, 2008 from URL: Accessed last on February 27, 2008 from URL: http://www.mdm.com/stories/fein3206.html International Journal of Information Management, Volume 19, Issue 4, August 1999, Pages 263-275 Jon-arild Johannessen, Johan Olaisen and Bjà ¸rn Olsen Disruptive Technology May 3, 2007, Accessed on February 28, 2008 from URL: http://www.changemakers.net/competition/disruptive/definition How to cite Scenario planning – Industry scenarios, Papers